A required part of this site couldn’t load. This may be due to a browser
extension, network issues, or browser settings. Please check your
connection, disable any ad blockers, or try using a different browser.
A required part of this site couldn’t load. This may be due to a browser
extension, network issues, or browser settings. Please check your
connection, disable any ad blockers, or try using a different browser.
Hong Kong officials have held a moment of silence at the start of a three-day mourning period to remember those killed after the city’s deadliest fire in nearly 80 years.
At least 128 people are now known to have died in the fire, which engulfed seven tower blocks on Wednesday. A further 83 were injured and 150 remain unaccounted for.
Eight people have been arrested on suspicion of corruption over the renovation works the blocks had been undergoing. Three others were detained earlier on manslaughter charges.
The cause of the fire has yet to be determined, but officials have said it spread up and between the blocks rapidly because of flammable materials placed on their exterior.
Saturday morning’s ceremony was held outside government headquarters, and saw city leader John Lee joined by other Hong Kong officials to observe three minutes of silence.
The flags of China and Hong Kong were flown at half mast.
The government has also set up memorial points across the city, where the public can pay their respects and sign condolence books.
Once the fire started, it spread quickly to seven of the eight towers in Wang Fuk Court, in Hong Kong’s northerly suburban Tai Po distric.
It then took more than 2,000 firefighters almost two days to bring the blaze under control.
The cause of the fire remains unclear, though authorities have said that polystyrene placed on the outside of the windows and plastic netting around the scaffolding on the buildings facilitated its spread.
The tower blocks were also covered in bamboo scaffolding, which is commonly used for construction and renovation work in Hong Kong. The fire has sparked a debate on whether it should still be used.
ReutersOfficials have confirmed that an investigation will be taking place over the next few weeks, with police already gathering evidence from the scene.
The fire has caused anger throughout Hong Kong – which is known for its high-rise buildings – as questions about who should be held accountable grow.
Residents of Wang Fuk Court have reported broken fire alarms and negligence from the company carrying out the renovations on the Wang Fuk Court, while Hong Kong’s fire service has said fire alarms in all eight blocks were not working effectively.
The Independent Commission Against Corruption (Icac) said those arrested in the corruption probe on Friday included directors at an engineering company and scaffolding subcontractors.
Hong Kong’s Labour and Welfare Secretary, Chris Sun, told reporters that his department had made 16 checks on the works at Wang Fuk Court since July last year.
The housing estate was built in 1983 and had provided 1,984 apartments for some 4,600 residents, according to a 2021 government census.
FDA commissioner says data showed 10 child deaths due to COVID shots
Activist Greta Thunberg and the UN’s Francesca Albanese joined hundreds of pro-Palestine protesters in Genoa on Friday, as nationwide strikes took place across Italy over Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni’s proposed military spending and support for Israel.
Published On 29 Nov 2025
When Sarah Bond took the helm as president of Xbox in 2023, she inherited more than a global gaming business. She inherited a 25-year-old identity that’s beloved, defended, and scrutinized by one of the most vocal consumer groups in the world.
“People who play Xbox love Xbox,” Bond tells Fortune. “It has a ton of meaning for them and so changing it is hard.”
That tension between a fiercely loyal base and an industry undergoing rapid evolution is shaping both Bond’s leadership approach and Xbox’s next chapter. As the company shifts from a console-centric legacy to a broader service-driven ecosystem, Bond is betting that meeting players where they are, rather than where tradition dictates they should be, will drive its future growth.
She describes the Xbox community with a kind of reverence: deeply invested, quick to celebrate, quick to criticize. That passion, she says, isn’t a liability but a source of insight and data that helps shape what Xbox, part of Microsoft’s $21 billion-revenue gaming division, builds next.
Bond says her team starts with the understanding that players’ passion stems from their love of the brand, and that the only adequate response is to listen closely and meaningfully incorporate their feedback into the work.
But listening alone isn’t enough. For Bond, the priority is pairing what players say with what they actually do.
“We listen really intently to our players across all channels,” she says. “We also marry that with how players are actually behaving…What choices are you making, what games are you playing, how are you investing, what are your hours of play? And that really helps direct what we’re doing.”
That combination of sentiment and behavior has already reshaped key parts of the Xbox experience.
Bond points to Xbox Play Anywhere (XPA) as a blueprint for how the company responds to shifting player habits.
“When we actually looked at the player behavior of people who were playing XPA games, we saw they were playing 20% more,” she says. Those players also spent more money in games and were more likely to try titles that supported the flexible play model. “Based off of that, we started to invest more in XPA, amplifying the catalog, bringing them more things.”
Handheld devices told a similar story. Windows-based handheld gaming had been around for years, but player frustration with the experience was consistent and clear.
“We were looking at player feedback, and they said, ‘We really wish there was an improvement on the experience of Windows on these handhelds,’” Bond recalls. That became the spark for a new investment push to work more closely with Windows and deliver a far better experience for players.
In Bond’s world, no single business line—console, PC, cloud, subscription, or studio acquisition—drives strategy alone. The deciding factor is where player energy naturally flows.
“What do we see players gravitating toward?” she says. “What are the features that they most deeply value? Making sure we’re balancing delivering what’s now and leaning into those new features and capabilities.”
Game Pass emerged from that balancing act. Before it launched, players had only two options: buy a game outright or rely on free-to-play titles. But the community wanted a dependable library they could all access and explore together. Xbox built Game Pass to meet that need by providing a consistent, curated collection available to jump into at any time, says Bond.
This four-part formula of testing ideas, watching for user signals, investing, then recalibrating has become Xbox’s operating rhythm, she adds. Yet as Xbox leans further into its “play anywhere” identity, one question looms: Where does hardware fit in?
Bond’s response is clear. “Hardware is absolutely core to everything that we do at Xbox, because we know that our most valuable players… love the hardware experience,” she says. That belief drives the development of Xbox’s next-generation console, which she describes as a powerful device built for greater player flexibility. The console remains the foundation of the Xbox experience, yet the future is hybrid, where players can carry their library, community, identity, and store across PC, console, and cloud.
This balance between honoring the past and building for the future defines Bond’s leadership challenge. She faces the same dilemma many legacy brands face: how to innovate boldly without alienating a core audience that deeply identifies with what the brand has always been. Her approach combines attentive listening with operational rigor. She often frames the work as a constant examination of the fundamentals, from player activity to purchasing habits to subscription trends.
In Bond’s view, the future of Xbox will be shaped by both numbers and voices, by the feedback players offer and the choices they make across devices. Bonds stresses that she understands why change can feel jarring for a community that is invested, but she sees promise in gamers’ intensity. Moreover, Bond says, she views their commitment not as an obstacle but as a signal that will guide Xbox into its next 25 years.
Aleks Phillipsand
Yang Tian
ReutersMore than 600,000 people in the Kyiv region of Ukraine are without power after an overnight Russian attack, officials say.
Ukraine’s energy ministry said more than 500,000 of these were in the capital itself, with the rest in the surrounding region. It attributed the power losses to missile and drone strikes on energy infrastructure in the city and several other regions.
Around 36 missiles and nearly 600 drones were launched on targets across Ukraine into Saturday, officials said, killing three and injuring dozens of others.
Russia has intensified attacks on Ukrainian civilian and energy infrastructure as the embattled nation heads into winter, despite US-led efforts to secure a peace deal.
Russia’s defence ministry said it had launched “a massive strike… against Ukrainian military-industrial complex enterprises and the energy facilities that support their operation”.
As well as energy infrastructure, several residential buildings were hit in the overnight strikes, Ukrainian officials said.
Loud explosions were heard across Kyiv early on Saturday morning. Emergency services were later seen attending to burning blocks of flats damaged by successful strikes.
Kyiv’s Mayor Vitaly Klitschko said a 13-year-old child was among the 29 people injured in the city.
Ukraine’s Air Force said it shot down 558 of the drones and 19 of the missiles.
The Ukrainian capital is among several cities that have suffered regular aerial bombardment since the start of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.
Many Ukrainians have also had to live through regular blackouts, as Moscow has targeted energy infrastructure in previous winters.
It is forecast to fall to 2C in Kyiv on Sunday, which has average temperatures below freezing in December.
Ukraine has targeted Russian energy infrastructure, including oil refineries and depots, in particular with long-range weaponry that can probe deep inside Russia. It says this is to curb revenue for Moscow’s war effort from Russia’s main export.
The latest bombardment came as Ukrainian negotiators were preparing for talks with US officials this weekend.
US President Donald Trump is pushing for the two sides to accept a draft peace plan, which was initially slanted heavily in favour of Russia but subsequently revised during talks with Ukrainians and their European allies in Geneva.
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky has welcomed the diplomatic efforts while stressing Kyiv’s need to retain its sovereignty and ability to fend off any future attack.
On Thursday, President Vladimir Putin repeated his core demands for ending the war, saying Russia would only halt its offensive if Ukraine’s troops withdrew from territory claimed by Moscow.
Russian forces currently control most – but not all – of Ukraine’s eastern Donbas region, as well as a portion of the southern Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions. US and European allies have called for the war to be frozen along the current front line.
Putin also confirmed a US delegation including special envoy Steve Witkoff was expected in Moscow in the first half of next week to discuss the draft peace plan.
The government of the French-Canadian province of Quebec is planning to set quotas for the availability of French-language music on streaming platforms, but new polling shows there may be little appetite for the plan among listeners.
The poll, commissioned by the Digital Media Association (DiMA), which represents Spotify, Apple Music and Amazon Music, along with some video streaming services, found 66% of Quebecers don’t want the government to influence what music is available on streaming services.
Among younger adults aged 18 to 34, opposition rises to three-quarters, according to a survey carried out by Leger, Quebec’s largest opinion pollster.
Quebec is the only province in Canada where French is the dominant language, and successive provincial governments have taken various steps to protect Quebec’s French culture and heritage. Among the most recent is Bill 109, which would require the government to set quotas on the “quantity or proportion” of French-language cultural content featured on streaming platforms.
The bill would also “enshrine the right to discoverability of and access to original French language cultural content” in the province’s Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms.
Streaming services represented by DiMA have been pushing back against the legislation. In a brief submitted to a public hearing on the proposed law in October, DiMA suggested the bill could backfire: Altering the music options listeners have could make them less engaged with streaming platforms, resulting in lost revenue for Quebecois artists and less investment in Quebec’s music scene.
“We believe the most effective path forward is one focused on listener choice, not constraint. Quebec artists and Francophone music are thriving on streaming services today because audiences are empowered to find and listen to music organically,” said Graham Davies, DiMA’s President and CEO.
“By working together – combining the government’s cultural vision with the streaming services’ reach, expertise and innovation – we believe Francophone and music of Quebec can continue to thrive both at home and on the global stage.”
DiMA also argues that it would be technically difficult to implement a system that prioritizes Quebecois recordings over others.
“International music metadata standards do not require a song to be identified by nationality or language, meaning streaming services do not have a way to identify at scale which songs could or should be classified as Canadian, Québécois or French-language,” DiMA said in a statement.
Notably, a recent study carried out for The Australia Institute asserted that music recommendation algorithms do at least recognize the language that lyrics are sung in, and favor songs that match a user’s own language.
The debate over Quebec’s bill comes as the major streaming services are already embroiled in a legal dispute with Canada’s federal government over a new Canada-wide law that requires streamers to hand over 5% of their Canadian revenue to agencies and organizations that support Canadian and Indigenous content.
That law, the Online Streaming Act of 2023, is an update of a long-standing law in Canada that requires public broadcasters to pay into funds supporting Canadian content. It’s estimated that DSPs would have to hand over CAD $200 million (USD $142 million) annually under the new law.
In 2024, the law was challenged in federal court by members of DiMA as well as members of Music Picture Association–Canada, whose membership includes Disney, Paramount (now Paramount Skydance), Sony, NBCUniversal, and Warner Bros. Discovery.
In December 2024, the federal court paused enforcement of what the media companies call a “streaming tax,” pending resolution of the legal action. The court has yet to issue a ruling in the matter.
“Streaming has become one of the strongest engines for Québec’s music ecosystem, helping turn piracy into prosperity, returning 70% of revenues to rightsholders and artists, and connecting Québec’s artists to millions of listeners at home and globally.”
Graham Davies, DiMA
The Leger poll for DiMA also found that a majority of Quebec respondents (61%) say French-language music is already easy to find on streaming services. It also found that 76% of listeners would oppose the French-language legislation if it meant higher subscription prices, and 65% would oppose it if it resulted in streaming services leaving the Quebec market.
Quebecers “place real importance on having the freedom to navigate new artists and genres when they stream music,” said Lisa Covens, Vice-President at Leger. “The notion of government influencing what’s available doesn’t match what many respondents say they want.”
Davies added that streaming “has become one of the strongest engines for Québec’s music ecosystem, helping turn piracy into prosperity, returning 70% of revenues to rightsholders and artists, and connecting Québec’s artists to millions of listeners at home and globally. This success is possible because consumers have choice, and because streaming services can invest meaningfully in supporting and showcasing Francophone and Québec talent on the world stage.”Music Business Worldwide
The Arab world’s biggest football competition kicks off on Monday, as 16 teams from across the region face off in Qatar.
Here’s everything you need to know about the tournament, which occurs every four years:
list of 4 itemsend of list
The FIFA Arab Cup 2025 will begin on Monday, with Tunisia facing Syria in the tournament opener.
The final will be played on December 18, marking the conclusion of the 32-match tournament.
Qatar is staging the Arab Cup for the third time; it hosted the 1998 and 2021 tournaments. It is also the second successive FIFA tournament hosted by the Gulf nation after the recently concluded FIFA U-17 World Cup.
Six venues have been chosen to host the regional showpiece, each of which was used during the FIFA World Cup three years ago.
As was the case during Qatar 2022, Al Bayt Stadium, in the northern city of Al Khor, will host the tournament opener, while the magnificent Lusail Stadium will host the final.
The 2025 Arab Cup will be the second edition under FIFA’s jurisdiction, with editions before 2021 organised by the Union of Arab Football Associations (UAFA).
Here are the host cities and stadiums:
⚽ Lusail City: Lusail Stadium (capacity: 88,966)
⚽ Al Rayyan: Ahmad bin Ali Stadium (capacity: 45,032)
⚽ Al Khor: Al Bayt Stadium (capacity: 68,895)
⚽ Doha: Stadium 974 (capacity: 44,089)
⚽ Education City: Education City Stadium (capacity: 44,667)
⚽ Doha: Khalifa International Stadium (capacity: 45,857)
Sixteen nations, drawn from both the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and the Confederation of African Football (CAF), will play in the tournament.
Hosts Qatar and defending champions Algeria, along with the seven highest-ranked nations at the time of the draw in May, all qualified automatically.
The remaining seven slots were filled through a series of single-leg qualification matches held in Qatar this week.
The participating nations have been divided into four groups, as follows:
⚽ Group A: Tunisia, Syria, Qatar, Palestine
⚽ Group B: Morocco, Comoros, Saudi Arabia, Oman
⚽ Group C: Egypt, Kuwait, Jordan, United Arab Emirates
⚽ Group D: Algeria, Sudan, Iraq, Bahrain
Palestine edged Libya 4-3 on penalties on Tuesday to secure their place in the Arab Cup, bringing joy to Palestinians in the wake of Israel’s war on Gaza.
The playoff in Doha ended 0-0 after 90 minutes before Palestine held their nerve in the shootout to reach the 16-team tournament.
“This was the toughest playoff match,” coach Ihab Abu Jazar told Al Kass TV. “Libya are strong. Our circumstances and absences made it harder, but we are proud. Football is one of the few things that can bring happiness to Palestinians.
“We are different from other teams. They play to compete, but we play for two goals: to send messages through football and to develop Palestinian football. Our team has become a big name in Asia and was close to reaching the World Cup playoff.
“We play for more than trophies – we play to send a message and bring joy to our people,” he added.

The 2025 edition will have a record prize money of more than $36.5m, joining the ranks of the world’s major international football tournaments.
The last competition, in 2021, had a reported prize purse of $25.5m.
The top two teams in each group will qualify for the knockout stage, which features the quarterfinals, semifinals and the final. There is also a third-place playoff between the two losing semifinalists.
In the knockout stages, if a match is level at the end of normal playing time, it will go to 30 minutes of extra time and, if required, penalties.
Iraq are the most successful team in the Arab Cup with four titles. Saudi Arabia are the second-most successful nation with two titles, while Tunisia, Egypt, Morocco and Algeria have all won once each.
Algeria are the defending champions, having beaten Tunisia 2-0 in extra time at the 2021 final.
Historically, nations from the Asian Football Confederation (six titles) have won more than the Confederation of African Football teams (four titles).

Featuring some of the strongest teams, the Arab Cup will give fans a taste of what to expect from Arab nations at next year’s FIFA World Cup.
Seven Arab Cup participants – Qatar, Tunisia, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Jordan and Algeria – will also compete at the FIFA World Cup 2026, co-hosted by the United States, Mexico and Canada.
“The tournament plays an important role in showcasing Arab and Islamic culture to the world,” Algeria striker Baghdad Bounedjah said. “It’s a celebration of our identity and an opportunity to showcase our shared passion for the beautiful game on such a global scale.”
With the revamped World Cup set to feature an expanded 48-team pool, the Arab Cup could be a proving ground for teams aiming to make a deep run on football’s biggest stage.
Based on their recent performance in the 2026 World Cup qualification phase, as many as five teams could be considered frontrunners for the title.
Up there is Tunisia, who gathered the most points (28 from a possible 30) among all CAF nations during the World Cup qualifiers, winning nine of the 10 matches to finish top of their group.
Fellow North African neighbours Algeria and Morocco are strong contenders after both qualified for the World Cup by finishing top of their groups. Record seven-time African champions Egypt are also among the favourites.
Jordan, who qualified for the World Cup for the first time, are an underdog pick to win it all.
Jordan’s Ali Olwan, the third-highest scorer in the AFC World Cup qualifying with nine goals, will be one to watch in the tournament. Joining him on the list of forwards expected to pose a serious threat is Iraq’s Aymen Hussein, who was tied for fourth-highest goals, with eight.
Fans should also keep an eye on Tunisia’s reliable goalkeeper Aymen Dahmen, who kept six clean sheets as his side went unbeaten without conceding in all 10 of their qualifying fixtures.
Forward Akram Afif, whose name has become synonymous with Qatar’s footballing success in the past decade, is a key player for the host nation, while Saudi Arabia captain Salem Al-Dawsari has been in decent form of late, sitting joint-fourth in the Saudi Pro League’s top assist men.

Tickets for the FIFA Arab Cup went on sale on the official ticketing platform at the end of September. Fans can buy tickets for individual matches across three pricing categories, starting at $7.
The tournament also had an option of team-specific packs, which offered three group games of each nation, starting at about $20. However, those are now unavailable.
Tickets for the final, starting at $14, have sold out.
In the Middle East and North Africa, you can watch the entire tournament from December 1 through December 18, exclusively in Arabic and only on beIN SPORTS PPV.

By Anya Pelshaw on SwimSwam

The Pitt women earned another trip to the NCAA Championships after swimming an ‘A’ cut in the women’s 400 free relay last week in Austin with a 3:12.88. The men’s team has also seen success so far as Julian Koch swam to a 41.15 in the 100 free, a time that sits tied for 4th in the NCAA so far this season.
The women’s relay marks just the 2nd year in 20 years that the team will have a relay at NCAAs. Prior to last year, the team had not had a relay at NCAAs since 2006. The team is in its 4th season under head coach Chase Kreitler who arrived from Cal in summer 2022. Last year, the women earned the ‘A’ cut in the 200 medley relay at midseason and went on to swim all five relays at the 2025 NCAA Championships.
The team’s 400 free relay only graduated one swimmer this past season as Sophie Yendell, the team’s #2 100 freestyler last season, finished her 5th year. Despite the loss of Yendell, the team has seen Mary Clarke step into Yendell’s relay spot and the other three legs already step up from a year ago while Claire Jansen dropped over half a second from her split at 2025 NCAAs.
|
2025 Texas Invite (November 2025)
|
2025 NCAA Championships (March 2025)
|
||
| Avery Kudlac | 48.28 | Avery Kudlac | 48.6 |
| Sydney Gring | 48.24 | Sydney Gring | 48.6 |
| Mary Clarke | 48.71 | Sophie Yendell | 48.41 |
| Claire Jansen | 47.65 | Claire Jansen | 48.22 |
Jansen spoke of the relay, “It’s a big relief to qualify this early and to know we are on the right track to do even bigger things at championship season. Last year there was a lot of excitement about getting the relays in and now that’s the bare minimum of our goals as a team. We knew going into the last day at midseason we had one more chance to qualify and pressure was on to get it done. Getting that relay in so soon definitely builds confidence, but it also motivates us to keep pushing and refining the details. We know there’s still a lot we want to accomplish, so we’re excited to carry this momentum forward.”
The senior Jansen has now made the NCAA Championships in all four seasons of her career with the Panthers. Back in 2023, she became the first freshman swimmer for Pitt to make NCAAs since 2006.
“It’s been really rewarding and I’m grateful every opportunity to help the team. Over the past four years, I’ve learned a lot from competing at NCAAs, what the environment feels like, what it takes to perform when it matters, and how to handle the highs and lows of a long season. Now as a senior, I’m just trying to use those experiences to support my teammates however I can. I’ve been here through a lot of the program’s growth alongside Chase, and it’s been exciting to see how far we’ve come. My role isn’t about knowing everything, it’s about sharing what I’ve learned, leading by example, and making sure everyone feels confident and fearless,” Jansen said of her NCAA experience.
Junior Sydney Gring echoed what Jansen had to say about the program, “I think last year was the turning point in our program. A lot of the women did some amazing things in training, and we had an amazing training group that pushed each other every day and held each other accountable. And then at the end of the year it showed in our dual meets, conference champs, and NCAAs which opened everyone’s eyes in what Pitt was capable of.”
“I think with ripping the band aid off last year is helping the women this year in not being scared to fail if it meant we were trying to hit faster times at practice or heavier weights in lift. I’ve truly seen a wave of confidence over the team since last season. There’s a lot of momentum coming into the second half of the season as we head into winter training as a lot of the team hit times this season already that were either right on what they hit at ACCs or even faster,” Gring said.
Gring continued, “Even with the success at Texas invite, I don’t think our team goals will be revised because we set them pretty high at the beginning of the year anyway. We sat down as a team and made a google doc of everything we want to accomplish this season, which we set the standard a lot higher than we did last year. We truly believe this year is special. We have a few teams in mind that we want to pass at ACC and NCAA in scoring, and adding more people we want representing in finals at ACC. The team has their eyes on getting more qualifiers to NCAAs both individually and relays and we train like that too which everyone just feeds off. I know what Pitt is going to do this season and I cannot wait to see both our men’s and women’s teams make more history.”
The women’s team is not the only side that has made waves already this season as sophomore Julian Koch swam to a 41.15 in the men’s 100 free last week. Koch entered the meet with a lifetime best 41.85 that he swam at the end of October during a dual meet against Penn State, marking a school record time as well. Prior to Koch’s swim in October, the school record stood at a 42.04 set by Blaise Vera in 2019.
Koch’s best time as a freshman was a 42.41 that he swam leading off the team’s 400 free relay at the 2025 ACC Championships. He was 16th in the individual event at ACCs in a 42.97. His improvement already this fall moves him way up to be a title contender in the event as he currently leads the ACC with his 41.15.
When speaking of his training Koch said, “Compared to last year, my training has stayed relatively similar, though my coaches have made some small adjustments as they figured out what works best for me. The biggest shift has been in my mindset. Missing the NCAAs last year fueled me, it was a wake-up call that made me realize how fast my first year of college went by. Because of that, I put a huge emphasis on the little details in practice, my recovery and lifestyle choices.”
Koch continued “I also think a major driver of my success is the environment we’ve built this year. The team culture has made the process so much more enjoyable, which makes the hard work easier.”
Read the full story on SwimSwam: Pitt Women Punch NCAA Relay Ticket Again, Continuing Historic Program Rise
You probably know that simply tossing dead batteries in the trash is no bueno – they release toxic heavy metals as they break down over time in landfills, contaminating the soil and nearby water supplies. Thankfully, we now have e-waste recycling facilities around the world that can prevent these from polluting the environment – but surely we can also make safer batteries that decompose naturally, no?
That’s what propelled researchers at Canada’s McGill University to develop an eco-friendly alternative. Inspired by children’s science projects that used a lemon and copper wire to power a lightbulb, the small team explored how citric acid could enhance a gelatin-based electrolyte to increase its conductivity.
Right, so the battery uses gelatin as the electrolyte, and magnesium and molybdenum as electrodes – both of which are relatively benign elements and can safely degrade in soil. That wouldn’t work great on its own, as “Magnesium can generate a layer that stops the reaction between electrolyte and electrode,” explained PhD student Junzhi Liu, who handled battery testing for the study that appeared in Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research this August.
Liu followed research supervisor Sharmistha Bhadra’s advice, who said “Many people make a lemon battery as kids. The lemon has enough ions to conduct electricity. I suggested Junzhi look at citric acid.”
The engineers found that mixing citric acid, and even lactic acid, with the gelatin electrolyte, broke down the layer that accumulated on the magnesium electrode. This increased the battery’s lifetime and voltage.
Image courtesy of the researchers
That’s neat on its own. What’s even cooler is that once the team suspended both acids in the gelatin electrolyte, the researchers cut the battery in a pattern inspired by kirigami, the Japanese art of folding and cutting paper into three-dimensional designs. This allowed for the battery to stretch by up to 80% beyond its original length, while maintaining stable voltage.
To test this, the team developed a simple pressure sensor that could be worn on a finger, and powered it with the battery. The 0.4 x 0.4-inch (1 x 1-cm ) battery successfully powered the wearable device, producing only slightly less power than a standard AA-sized battery.
Image courtesy of the researchers
The scientists also found that when this stretchy battery was depleted and immersed in a phosphate-buffered saline solution, its electrolyte and magnesium electrode fully degraded over the course of just under two months. The molybdenum electrode has a slower degradation rate, so it needs more time to fully decompose.
With that, the team demonstrated that it’s possible to make a more environmentally friendly battery that can help reduce e-waste, and find applications in wearables, medical implants, and in future Internet-of-Things devices.
Source: McGill University